[小说文学] 短篇小说集：坐窗观风景[第407页]

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[小说文学]短篇小说集：坐窗观风景[第407页]

作者:San若梦

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    【Through the Shadow of the Earth】Lunar eclipse is one of the most interesting and beautiful phenomenon that we can observe on the sky. In the event of total eclipse, the Moon completely falls into the shadow of the Earth. As a result, we see its surface red - Bloody Moon - because it reflects the scattered light of the Earth's atmosphere. This photo shows all the phases of the total eclipse from 2015.

    【穿过地球的阴影】月食是我们能观察到的最有趣也最美丽的天文现象之一。月全食时月亮完全被地球的阴影遮蔽，结果就是我们看见月球表面变成了红色——血月——反射地球大气层散发的光线所致。这张图片显示的是2015年的月全食各个时段的景象。

    【Panorama view of the center of the Milky Way】The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy (a spiral galaxy with a central bar-shaped structure) with an estimated visible diameter of 100,000–200,000 light-years. The Milky Way Galaxy with its satellite galaxies and the Andromeda Galaxy with its satellite galaxies form the Local Group. This picture is a panorama of the center portion of the Milky Way in southern hemisphere, the Crux constellation at right, and Aquila at left. The sweep of bright blue stars from Scorpius to Orion, angled above then across and below the Milky Way, form the Gould's Belt.

    【银河系中心全景图像】银河系是一个棒旋星系（中心呈长棒形状的螺旋星系），可见直径约10万～20万光年。银河系及其卫星星系和仙女座星系及其卫星星系，共同形成本星系群。这张照片是银河系中心在南天球部份的全景式图片，南十字座在右、天鹰座在左。那些从天蝎座漫延至猎户座的明亮的蓝色恒星们，由上至下穿过银河系，形成古尔德带。

    【Stars And The Milky Way】The Milky Way is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars and at least that number of planets. This picture photographs the colorful clouds and bright stars in the cosmos.

    【恒星和银河系】银河系内估计包含1000～4000亿颗恒星，还有至少此数目之巨的行星。这张图片拍摄的是宇宙中色彩斑斓的星云和闪亮的恒星。

    【The Pleiades】Also known as the "Seven Sisters" and Messier 45, is an open star cluster located about 410 light-years from Earth in the constellation Taurus. Most skywatchers are familiar with the assembly, which looks something like a smaller, hazier version of the Big Dipper in the night sky. To find Pleiades, you can start by locating the famous constellation Orion, the hunter. Draw a line using the three stars in Orion's belt and then follow it upward, past his bow. The first bright star you'll see is Aldebaran, the eye of the bull Taurus. The cluster itself will be located just a bit past the bright star, visible as a small dipper-shaped arrangement of stars.

    【昴（mǎo）宿星团】又称七姊妹星团，M45，是一个距地球约410光年的疏散星团，位于金牛座。大多数的星空迷都对此组合很熟悉，因为它在夜空中看起来就像一个缩小版的、雾气迷蒙的北斗七星。想要找这七姐妹的话，先找到著名的猎户星座，以猎户腰带上的三颗星为线，沿线上溯越过猎户的箭之后看见的第一颗亮星是毕宿五——金牛之眼，也是金牛座内最明亮的恒星——稍越过此亮星就是七姐妹星团，恰似一个缩小版的北斗七星。

    【The Orion Nebula Region】The Orion Nebula (M42) is a diffuse nebula situated in the Milky Way. It is one of the brightest nebulae and visible to the naked eye in night sky - It is seen as the middle "star" in the "sword" of Orion, which are the three stars located south of Orion's Belt. It is about 1,344 light-years away and is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. The Orion Nebula is one of the most scrutinized and photographed objects in the night sky and is among the most intensely studied celestial features.

    【猎户星云区域】猎户星云（M42）是银河系内一个弥漫星云。它是最明亮的星云之一，夜空中肉眼可见——它看起来就是位于猎户腰带之南的三颗星，即猎户“佩剑”的中间那颗“星”。它距地球约1344光年，是离地球最近的一个大量恒星正在形成的区域。猎户星云是夜空中被观望、被拍摄、被研究得最多的天体之一。

    【Part of the M42 nebula in Orion】This is the center region of Orion Nebula, with bright swirling clouds and dotted stars.

    【猎户星云的局部图】这是猎户星云的中心区域，旋转的明亮星云和点缀其间的恒星。

    【Pillars of Creation】Probably the most famous and iconic picture of the cosmos made by the Hubble Space Telescope. It is a photograph of elephant trunks of interstellar gas and dust in the Eagle Nebula, in Serpens constellation, some 6,500–7,000 light years from Earth. It is named so because the gas and dust are in the process of creating new stars, while also being eroded by the light from nearby stars that have recently formed. Taken on April 1, 1995, it is named one of the top ten photographs from Hubble.

    【创生之柱】可能是哈伯太空望远镜所拍摄的最有名、最具标志性的一张太空影像，它拍的是距地球6500～7000光年、位于巨蛇座的鹰星云内圆柱形的星际气体和尘埃。它得此名的原因是，那些星际气体和尘埃正处于一边正在形成新的恒星、一边又正被来自近旁的新近才形成的恒星的光慢慢消耗的过程中。这张影像拍摄于1995年4月1日的，被评定为哈伯太空望远镜所拍摄的最佳前十名的照片之一。

    M53 is a globular cluster in the Coma Berenices constellation. It is one of the more outlying globular clusters, being about 60,000 light-years away from the Galactic Center, and almost the same distance (about 58,000 light-years) from the Solar System.

    M53是位于后发座的一个球状星团。它是比较偏远的球状星团之一，距离银河系中心约60,000光年，与太阳系的距离也相似，大约是58,000光年。

    【Nebula N44C】N44C is an emission nebula of about 125 light-years across in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a small companion galaxy to our own Milky Way which lies about 157,000 light-years away in the southern constellation of Dorado. The data for this image were taken in November 1996 with Hubble’s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 and stored in the Hubble archive. The image was composed by the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA).

    【N44C星云】N44C是一个横越125光年的发射星云，位于大麦哲伦云内。大麦哲伦云是我们银河系的一个小卫星星系，距离地球约15万7千光年，位于南天球的剑鱼座。这张影像的数据是哈勃第二代的广域和行星照相机于1996年11月拍摄的，存储于哈勃档案中，影像由哈勃遗产团队合成。

    【The Majestic Andromeda Galaxy】The Galaxy of Andromeda, M31 is the brightest and the largest galaxy of the northern sky. It is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 2.5 million light-years from Earth. With an apparent magnitude of 3.4, it is visible to the naked eye on moonless nights, even when viewed from areas with moderate light pollution. The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are expected to collide in around 4-5 billion years, merging to form a giant elliptical galaxy or a lenticular galaxy.

    【壮丽无伦的仙女星系】仙女座星系（M31）是北天球上最亮最大的星系，距地球约250万光年，是一个棒旋星系。它的亮度为3.4星等，在没有月光的夜晚、甚至轻度光污染环境下也肉眼可见。银河系和仙女星系预估在40～50亿年内会碰撞，合二为一形成一个巨大的椭圆星系或双凸透镜状星系。

    【三角座星系】M33是位于三角座，距离地球约270万光年的一个螺旋星系，是排在仙女座星系和银河系之后的本星系群第三大星系。

    【The Fireworks Galaxy】 NGC 6946 is an intermediate spiral galaxy (between the classification of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy) with a small bright nucleus. It is located at the boundary of the northern constellations of Cepheus and Cygnus. NGC 6946 is one of the nearest giant spiral galaxies beyond the local group, about 22 million light years away from Earth.

    【焰火星系】NGC 6946 是一个有明亮核心的中间螺旋星系（介于棒旋星系和非棒旋星系之间），位于北天球的仙王座和天鹅座交界处。它是本星系群之外最近的巨大螺旋星系之一，距地球约2千2百万光年。

    NGC 1672 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation Dorado, more than 60 million light-years away from earth.

    NGC 1672是位于南天球剑鱼座的一个棒旋星系，距地球超过6千万光年。

    【Singularity: The Shadow of a Black Hole】This image is the first direct visual evidence of a supermassive black hole and its shadow at the center of the Messier 87 galaxy (about 53 million light-years from Earth) . It was made with the data collected by Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) - a large telescope array consisting of a global network of radio telescopes which was designed to record images of a black hole. The EHT project is an international collaboration launched in 2009, and the series of images were published in 2019.

    【奇点：一个黑洞的阴影】这张影像是有史以来第一个超大质量黑洞及其阴影的直接视觉证据，该黑洞位于距地球约5千3百万光年之遥的M87星系中心。它是由事件视界望远镜——一个专门为记录黑洞影像设计的、全球范围内射电望远镜的联网系统——所收集的数据合成。该国际合作项目于2009年正式启动，这一系列的影像于2019年发布。

    【Stephan’s Quintet】is a group consisting of four interacting galaxies – NGC 7317, NGC 7318A, NGC 7318B and NGC 7319 – and a visual companion, the spiral galaxy NGC 7320. The galaxies are located in Pegasus constellation, with the group of four about 270 million light-years away and NGC 7320 merely 35 million light years away but projected onto the much more distant group by chance. The four interacting galaxies are members of the first compact galaxy group ever discovered, the Hickson Compact Group 92. Compact groups are typically groups of about five galaxies in close proximity and isolated from other galaxies.

    【史蒂芬五重星系】是由四个有物理关联的星系—— NGC 7317, NGC 7318A, NGC 7318B 及 NGC 7319——和一个视觉相伴的星系（螺旋星系NGC 7320）所组成的星系群。这个群位于飞马座，四个有物理关联的距地球2亿7千万光年之遥，而NGC 7320仅3千5百万光年，只不过碰巧投射于四个遥远得多的星系群里。这四个有物理关联的星系是第一个被发现的致密星系群，称为希克斯致密星系群92号。致密星系群通常由五个彼此相邻、但远离别的星系的星系组成。

    【Hubble eXtreme Deep Field - XDF】The universe is 13.7 billion years old, the XDF and UDF reveal galaxies that span back over 13 billion years in time. The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) is an image of a small region of space in the southern-hemisphere constellation Fornax, southwest of Orion. The original release was combined from Hubble Space Telescope data accumulated over a period from September 24, 2003 through January 16, 2004. It looks back approximately 13 billion years (between 400 and 800 million years after the Big Bang) in time. The eXtreme Deep Field (XDF), released on September 25, 2012 was assembled by combining 10 years of Hubble data taken of a patch of sky at the center of the original HUDF. It reaches further back about 13.2 billion years in time. The HUDF is estimated containing 10,000 galaxies, the XDF 5,500.

    【哈勃极深空 - XDF】宇宙年龄约137亿年，哈勃极深空（XDF）和哈勃超深空（HUDF）揭示出超过130亿前的星系。哈勃超深空拍摄的是位于猎户座西南方向的南天球星座天炉座里的一小片星空，最初发布的是从2003年9月24日～2004年1月16日期间收集到的哈勃太空望远镜数据合成的影像，回溯至约130亿年前（大爆炸后的4～8亿年）的宇宙。2012年9月25日发布的哈勃极深空拍摄的是哈勃超深空中心区域的一小片，由之前10年的哈勃数据合成，达到了更为深远的132亿年前的宇宙。哈勃超深空估计包含一万个星系，哈勃极深空5千5百个。